Refactoring studio

Unpack a graph, or elaborate its language.

Grade 12 material is distributed toward A1 without pretending that a shorter wording is the same lesson. Grade 1 material is carried toward B2 without new nodes. The arithmetic is the annotation, not a score to optimize.

The lesson sentences stay in English. CEFR here is a scale for that English, not for the language of this page.

Unpack · Grade 12 toward A1

Elaborate · Grade 1 toward B2

Earth science · Grade 12 · Unpack

Greenhouse effect

Some gases absorb outgoing longwave radiation and re-emit part of it downward, so Earth's equilibrium temperature is higher than it would be without them.

What of G this encoding still carries

  • Assumed, not taught: Sun, Surface warmth.
  • Relations treated as already known: 2.

D(W)

0.46

31 words

Peak M while reading

14.2

Components

Concepts in text

8

of 10 in G

Relations stated

5

of 7

The sentence is accurate and dense. It does not say why there is outgoing radiation. Sun and surface warmth are in G, but this encoding assumes them, and it assumes the two relations that connect them. A reader who does not hold those prerequisites is not given a shorter text. They are given a hole.

Components stay separate. Meeting the name again reopens the assembly.

Assumed nodes count as prior knowledge. Relations marked as already known start closed.

D(W) = (8.3 + 1.0 × 5.9) / 31 = 0.46

Sums count concepts introduced in the student text, and relations the text establishes. Probes are excluded. λ weights relations against concepts. It is a setting, not a law.

Active at this sentence

14.2

Peak while reading 14.2 · name alone 17.2 · this sentence is the peak

  • Greenhouse effect0.7
  • Some gases0.9
  • Absorption1.1
  • Outgoing heat1.3
  • Re-emission1.2
  • Surface0.6
  • Equilibrium1.4
  • The comparison1.1
  • Some gases absorb that outgoing heat1.3
  • Those gases re-emit some of it downward1.3
  • Downward re-emission raises the equilibrium temperature1.3
  • Higher than the temperature without those gases1.2
  • This is the greenhouse effect0.8

What the rewrite did

  • Assume

    The sun, and the fact that a warm surface is the source of the outgoing radiation, are prior knowledge.

  • Pack

    Absorption, re-emission, equilibrium, and the comparison share one sentence.

G, the graph being represented

Solid is in this wording. Dashed and faded was shed. Dashed and dark is not in G. Teal outline is assumed.

G, the graph being representedThe source that warms Earth.SunThe surface is warm, which is why it can give energy off.Surface warmthThe ground, the sea, and the ice.SurfaceLongwave radiation the surface emits.Outgoing heatGases in the air that interact with that outgoing radiation.Some gasesThose gases take in outgoing longwave radiation.AbsorptionThey send some of that energy back toward the surface.Re-emissionThe temperature Earth settles at.EquilibriumThe same planet with none of those gases.The comparisonThe name of this process. Not a blanket around the sun.Greenhouse effect

Establishes: Some gases absorb that outgoing heat; Those gases re-emit some of it downward; Downward re-emission raises the equilibrium temperature; Higher than the temperature without those gases; This is the greenhouse effect. Click a node to find where it enters.

How D was computed

Concepts introduced

  • Greenhouse effect0.7
  • Some gases0.9
  • Absorption1.1
  • Outgoing heat1.3
  • Re-emission1.2
  • Surface0.6
  • Equilibrium1.4
  • The comparison1.1
  • Σ w_v8.3

Relations established

  • Some gases absorb that outgoing heat1.3
  • Those gases re-emit some of it downward1.3
  • Downward re-emission raises the equilibrium temperature1.3
  • Higher than the temperature without those gases1.2
  • This is the greenhouse effect0.8
  • Σ w_e5.9

CEFR targets used here

A1
One main proposition per sentence. Very frequent words. Present tense. Name a thing only after the idea is present.
A2
and, but, because, if. Usually one new relation in a sentence. A short comparison is allowed.
B1
A short argument with because, so, or although, or a relative clause. A term may be defined once and then reused.
B2
Subordination and qualification may share a sentence. Academic vocabulary is allowed for nodes already in the graph.